Written questions by Glen.

Food and Rural Affairs, what assessment he has made of the potential impact of (a) the cumulative cost burden of the Extended Producer Responsibility Scheme and (b) other business costs on the food and drink sector.

The Government wants to see all businesses take steps to reduce packaging use, ensure packaging is easy to recycle, and where appropriate move to re-use systems. We have made a full assessment of the impacts that implementing packaging extended producer responsibility will have, which can be found in Section 8 of the impact assessment: The Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging and Packaging Waste) Regulations 2024.

Food and Rural Affairs, what steps he plans to take to ensure that the Extended Producer Responsibility Scheme does not discourage investment in manufacturing.

The scheme treats domestic manufacturing and import equally, with all packaging and packaged products, whether manufactured and supplied domestically or imported into UK, subject to the obligations in the Extended Producer Responsibility Regulations. Similarly, any packaging or packaged goods manufactured in the UK and exported will not be in scope of the UK Regulations but may be in scope of the Extended Producer Responsibility regime in the country the packaging or packaged goods are being exported to.

Food and Rural Affairs, how his Department determined the fee rates for Extended Producer Responsibility; and whether he consulted industry on those rates.

Illustrative base fees are calculated by dividing packaging waste management costs (for household packaging waste) and other relevant costs by the total amount of household packaging placed on the market and this principle was consulted on in 2019 and again in 2021. Since August 2024 Defra have worked closely with packaging producers to refine the approach to modelling fees and ensure they more accurately reflect the price drivers for local authority collection costs. On 20 December Defra published the third iteration of illustrative fees, based on the agreed final proposed modelling scenario for the total disposal costs that should be recovered through EPR in 2025. The illustrative base fees use packaging tonnage data submitted to date by producers on the Report Packaging Data (RPD) online portal for the first six months of 2024, with adjustments applied (see below for further details). These fees represent the best possible point estimate of base fees given currently available information. Final fees, used to invoice producers from October 2025, are expected to be calculated in June 2025 using tonnage data reported by producers for the full year of 2024.

Food and Rural Affairs, what discussions he has had with (a) the brewing industry and (b) other sectors on the Extended Producer Responsibility scheme.

The Government has worked closely with industry, including the brewing sector, throughout development of Extended Producer Responsibility for Packaging. Feedback from stakeholders has been factored into finalising the regulations, including consulting stakeholders on a draft of the pEPR regulation in 2023. Defra regularly holds stakeholders’ forums which are well attended by stakeholders across the drinks' value chain, and these are used to provide updates and capture feedback from impacted stakeholders. Since August 2024 we have worked closely with packaging producers to refine the approach to modelling fees and ensure they more accurately reflect the price drivers for local authority collection costs. My officials recently attended events organised by industry, and on 18 March attended a conference held by the National Association of Cider Maker’s to discuss the Extended Producer Responsibility for Packaging and respond to concerns raised by their members.

Food and Rural Affairs, whether local authorities will be required to spend the full funds generated through the extended producer responsibility scheme on waste (a) management and (b) processing.

Local authority grant funding for waste management through MHCLG block grants has not typically been ringfenced, to protect the sustainability and liquidity of local authority finances and protect principles of devolution. The additional income local authorities receive through pEPR is calculated to cover the modelled costs they incur in fulfilling their statutory waste management duties in regard to household packaging waste and should therefore be spent on waste management. We are encouraging local authorities to invest this income into their recycling services in the 2025 financial year. We recognise that packaging producers have a strong interest in ensuring pEPR fees are used to support transition to a circular economy and we are currently exploring options to support this ambition. For year 1 of pEPR, we have agreed with HM Treasury and MHCLG that pEPR funding will be an additional revenue stream for local authorities. In England, Simpler Recycling introduces new standard for the management of dry recycling. We will focus on engagement with local authorities and encourage the use of this additional funding to help drive investment in additional infrastructure that may be needed to meet these standards.

Food and Rural Affairs, what steps his Department is taking to ensure transparency in the (a) calculation and (b) use of extended producer responsibility fees.

The Local Authority Packaging Cost and Performance Model (LAPCAP), alongside the Producer Responsibility Obligations (Packaging Waste) Regulations 2024 will provide transparency on fee calculations and how the fees are used by Local Authorities. PackUK, the scheme administrator for pEPR, is required to publish information explaining how it has assessed Local Authority payments for the Operational Year.

Food and Rural Affairs, whether he plans to publish guidance on how businesses should report extended producer responsibility-related costs in their financial accounts.

It is not for the Government to provide guidance on how, or when to account for pEPR fees and we would encourage producers to engage with their respective audit firms where required. Further context on intended application of Regulation 60 Liability of producers to pay annual disposal and administration fees was issued in January, which is sufficient for respective audit firms to advise where required.

Commonwealth and Development Affairs, what recent assessment he has made of the potential implications for his policies of the adequacy of levels of freedom of religion or belief in Cameroon; and what steps he is taking to support this right in that country.

The Cameroon Constitution guarantees freedom of religion and worship. The UK Government continues to monitor civil and political rights in Cameroon and is committed to uphold the right to freedom of religion or belief (FoRB). This includes advocating for the protections of all vulnerable communities through our position at the UN, G7 and other multilateral fora as well as bilaterally with the Government of Cameroon and other influential parties.

If she will make an assessment of the potential impact of her policies on tackling non-compliance in the umbrella company market on the number of joint employment models.

The Government recognises the positive role that compliant and well-managed umbrella companies can play in the functioning of the temporary labour market. However, non-compliance in the umbrella company market is widespread and costs taxpayers billions of pounds a year. HMRC analysis shows that at least 275,000 workers, and likely significantly more, were engaged at some point in 2022 to 2023 by umbrella companies that were involved in tax avoidance, evasion or fraud. In the same year around £500 million was lost to disguised remuneration tax avoidance schemes, almost all of which was facilitated by umbrella companies. Hundreds of millions more was lost to so called ‘mini umbrella company’ fraud and other fraudulent attacks by people abusing umbrella company structures. The Government is committed to closing the tax gap and making the tax system fairer by ensuring temporary workers are protected from large, unexpected tax bills caused by unscrupulous behaviour from non-compliant umbrella companies. That is why the Chancellor announced in her Autumn Budget that the Government will introduce legislation to make recruitment agencies using umbrella companies legally responsible for accounting for PAYE on workers’ pay. The Government set out the expected Exchequer impacts of this measure at the Budget. The Government will publish a full Tax Impact and Information Note later this year.

With reference to paragraph 2.19 of the Autumn Budget 2024, whether she plans to provide additional funding for tackling non-compliant umbrella companies.

The Government recognises the positive role that compliant and well-managed umbrella companies can play in the functioning of the temporary labour market. However, non-compliance in the umbrella company market is widespread and costs taxpayers billions of pounds a year. HMRC analysis shows that at least 275,000 workers, and likely significantly more, were engaged at some point in 2022 to 2023 by umbrella companies that were involved in tax avoidance, evasion or fraud. In the same year around £500 million was lost to disguised remuneration tax avoidance schemes, almost all of which was facilitated by umbrella companies. Hundreds of millions more was lost to so called ‘mini umbrella company’ fraud and other fraudulent attacks by people abusing umbrella company structures. The Government is committed to closing the tax gap and making the tax system fairer by ensuring temporary workers are protected from large, unexpected tax bills caused by unscrupulous behaviour from non-compliant umbrella companies. That is why the Chancellor announced in her Autumn Budget that the Government will introduce legislation to make recruitment agencies using umbrella companies legally responsible for accounting for PAYE on workers’ pay. The Government set out the expected Exchequer impacts of this measure at the Budget. The Government will publish a full Tax Impact and Information Note later this year.

If she will make an estimate of the potential impact of her policy on tackling non-compliance in the umbrella company market on revenues to the Exchequer.

The Government recognises the positive role that compliant and well-managed umbrella companies can play in the functioning of the temporary labour market. However, non-compliance in the umbrella company market is widespread and costs taxpayers billions of pounds a year. HMRC analysis shows that at least 275,000 workers, and likely significantly more, were engaged at some point in 2022 to 2023 by umbrella companies that were involved in tax avoidance, evasion or fraud. In the same year around £500 million was lost to disguised remuneration tax avoidance schemes, almost all of which was facilitated by umbrella companies. Hundreds of millions more was lost to so called ‘mini umbrella company’ fraud and other fraudulent attacks by people abusing umbrella company structures. The Government is committed to closing the tax gap and making the tax system fairer by ensuring temporary workers are protected from large, unexpected tax bills caused by unscrupulous behaviour from non-compliant umbrella companies. That is why the Chancellor announced in her Autumn Budget that the Government will introduce legislation to make recruitment agencies using umbrella companies legally responsible for accounting for PAYE on workers’ pay. The Government set out the expected Exchequer impacts of this measure at the Budget. The Government will publish a full Tax Impact and Information Note later this year.

If she will make an assessment of the potential impact of her policies on tackling non-compliance in the umbrella company market on the labour supply chain.

The Government recognises the positive role that compliant and well-managed umbrella companies can play in the functioning of the temporary labour market. However, non-compliance in the umbrella company market is widespread and costs taxpayers billions of pounds a year. HMRC analysis shows that at least 275,000 workers, and likely significantly more, were engaged at some point in 2022 to 2023 by umbrella companies that were involved in tax avoidance, evasion or fraud. In the same year around £500 million was lost to disguised remuneration tax avoidance schemes, almost all of which was facilitated by umbrella companies. Hundreds of millions more was lost to so called ‘mini umbrella company’ fraud and other fraudulent attacks by people abusing umbrella company structures. The Government is committed to closing the tax gap and making the tax system fairer by ensuring temporary workers are protected from large, unexpected tax bills caused by unscrupulous behaviour from non-compliant umbrella companies. That is why the Chancellor announced in her Autumn Budget that the Government will introduce legislation to make recruitment agencies using umbrella companies legally responsible for accounting for PAYE on workers’ pay. The Government set out the expected Exchequer impacts of this measure at the Budget. The Government will publish a full Tax Impact and Information Note later this year.

If she will make an assessment of the potential implications for her policies of the report by the FCSA entitled Regulating the UK’s umbrella market - FCSA’s response to proposals in Budget 2024, published on 11 March 2025.

The Government recognises the positive role that compliant and well-managed umbrella companies can play in the functioning of the temporary labour market. However, non-compliance in the umbrella company market is widespread and costs taxpayers billions of pounds a year. HMRC analysis shows that at least 275,000 workers, and likely significantly more, were engaged at some point in 2022 to 2023 by umbrella companies that were involved in tax avoidance, evasion or fraud. In the same year around £500 million was lost to disguised remuneration tax avoidance schemes, almost all of which was facilitated by umbrella companies. Hundreds of millions more was lost to so called ‘mini umbrella company’ fraud and other fraudulent attacks by people abusing umbrella company structures. The Government is committed to closing the tax gap and making the tax system fairer by ensuring temporary workers are protected from large, unexpected tax bills caused by unscrupulous behaviour from non-compliant umbrella companies. That is why the Chancellor announced in her Autumn Budget that the Government will introduce legislation to make recruitment agencies using umbrella companies legally responsible for accounting for PAYE on workers’ pay. The Government set out the expected Exchequer impacts of this measure at the Budget. The Government will publish a full Tax Impact and Information Note later this year.

What assessment her Department has made of the potential impact of her policy on tackling non-compliance in the umbrella company market on (a) freelancers and (b) temporary workers seeking to evidence a stable income for mortgage applications.

The Government recognises the positive role that compliant and well-managed umbrella companies can play in the functioning of the temporary labour market. However, non-compliance in the umbrella company market is widespread and costs taxpayers billions of pounds a year. HMRC analysis shows that at least 275,000 workers, and likely significantly more, were engaged at some point in 2022 to 2023 by umbrella companies that were involved in tax avoidance, evasion or fraud. In the same year around £500 million was lost to disguised remuneration tax avoidance schemes, almost all of which was facilitated by umbrella companies. Hundreds of millions more was lost to so called ‘mini umbrella company’ fraud and other fraudulent attacks by people abusing umbrella company structures. The Government is committed to closing the tax gap and making the tax system fairer by ensuring temporary workers are protected from large, unexpected tax bills caused by unscrupulous behaviour from non-compliant umbrella companies. That is why the Chancellor announced in her Autumn Budget that the Government will introduce legislation to make recruitment agencies using umbrella companies legally responsible for accounting for PAYE on workers’ pay. The Government set out the expected Exchequer impacts of this measure at the Budget. The Government will publish a full Tax Impact and Information Note later this year.

Whether she made an assessment of the potential merits of undertaking an impact assessment of her policies on tackling non-compliance in the umbrella company market.

The Government recognises the positive role that compliant and well-managed umbrella companies can play in the functioning of the temporary labour market. However, non-compliance in the umbrella company market is widespread and costs taxpayers billions of pounds a year. HMRC analysis shows that at least 275,000 workers, and likely significantly more, were engaged at some point in 2022 to 2023 by umbrella companies that were involved in tax avoidance, evasion or fraud. In the same year around £500 million was lost to disguised remuneration tax avoidance schemes, almost all of which was facilitated by umbrella companies. Hundreds of millions more was lost to so called ‘mini umbrella company’ fraud and other fraudulent attacks by people abusing umbrella company structures. The Government is committed to closing the tax gap and making the tax system fairer by ensuring temporary workers are protected from large, unexpected tax bills caused by unscrupulous behaviour from non-compliant umbrella companies. That is why the Chancellor announced in her Autumn Budget that the Government will introduce legislation to make recruitment agencies using umbrella companies legally responsible for accounting for PAYE on workers’ pay. The Government set out the expected Exchequer impacts of this measure at the Budget. The Government will publish a full Tax Impact and Information Note later this year.

If she will make an assessment of the potential impact of her policies on tackling non-compliance in the umbrella company market on the level of pension contributions made by affected people.

The Government recognises the positive role that compliant and well-managed umbrella companies can play in the functioning of the temporary labour market. However, non-compliance in the umbrella company market is widespread and costs taxpayers billions of pounds a year. HMRC analysis shows that at least 275,000 workers, and likely significantly more, were engaged at some point in 2022 to 2023 by umbrella companies that were involved in tax avoidance, evasion or fraud. In the same year around £500 million was lost to disguised remuneration tax avoidance schemes, almost all of which was facilitated by umbrella companies. Hundreds of millions more was lost to so called ‘mini umbrella company’ fraud and other fraudulent attacks by people abusing umbrella company structures. The Government is committed to closing the tax gap and making the tax system fairer by ensuring temporary workers are protected from large, unexpected tax bills caused by unscrupulous behaviour from non-compliant umbrella companies. That is why the Chancellor announced in her Autumn Budget that the Government will introduce legislation to make recruitment agencies using umbrella companies legally responsible for accounting for PAYE on workers’ pay. The Government set out the expected Exchequer impacts of this measure at the Budget. The Government will publish a full Tax Impact and Information Note later this year.

Pursuant to the Answer of 27 November 2024 to Question 14946 on Government departments: communications and consultations, if he will list each of the programmes that have been cancelled or reduced to deliver £85 million of savings from the £449 million baseline.

I refer to the Rt Hon member to the answer given to PQ25685 on 30 January 2025.

Pursuant to the Answer of (a) 27 November 2024 to Question 14255 on Civil Service and (b) 27 November 2024 to Question 14946 on Government departments: communications and consultations, what the financial reduction in consultancy spending is in absolute terms required to deliver the policy of having spending on consultancy; and what the estimated baseline spending on government consultancy was in 2024-25 prior to the planned reduction of £550 million for 2024-25 and £680 million in 2025-26.

The baseline aggregate annual cash figure for the 24-25 savings target is based on an in-year monthly forecast outturn figure from the government’s cross central financial management system. In-year forecast outturn figures at this level of detail are not released publicly due to their security classification and sensitivity. The baseline for the £680 million 25-26 saving is based on a 50% cut to the average figure that HMG spent on consultancy across the six financial years 2017/18 to 2022/23. This figure was calculated using HM Treasury estimates from spending figures published via the annual release of data from the Online System for Central Accounting and Reporting (OSCAR) database.The government’s policy is to reduce consultancy spending by £550m in 2024-25 and to halve spending in 2025-26 against a baseline of average HMG spend on consultancy across the six financial years 2017/18 to 2022/23. This figure was calculated using HM Treasury estimates from spending figures published via the annual release of data from the Online System for Central Accounting and Reporting (OSCAR) database. This financial reduction in spending will deliver cash savings of £680m. The estimated baseline spending on consultancy in 2024-25 prior to the planned reduction of £550m is based on an in-year monthly forecast outturn figure from the government’s cross central financial management system. In-year forecast outturn figures at this level of detail are not released publicly due to their security classification and sensitivity.

Pursuant to the Answer of 27 November 2024 to Question 14946 on Government departments: communications and consultations, if he will publish the £449 million spending from Government Communications Service data, including any departmental breakdown, that provided the estimates for the £85 million of savings at Autumn Budget 2024.

I refer to the Rt Hon member to the answer given to PQ25685 on 30 January 2025.

With reference to the UK Government Green Financing Framework, published in June 2021, whether it remains her Department's policy that funding should not be provided for the development of green technologies in the defence industry.

The principles of the Green Financing Programme are set out in the Green Financing Framework, published in June 2021. The Framework explains how proceeds from green gilts and NS&I’s retail Green Savings Bonds will finance green expenditures to help tackle climate change, biodiversity loss, and other environmental challenges, while creating green jobs across the UK. It also includes guidelines on the types of expenditures that can be included in the Programme. The previous Government decided to exclude financing weapons in its Green Financing Framework, alongside other named exclusions. The international convention is to exclude weapons for green bond frameworks. In line with other sovereign green bond issuers and international best practices, the UK Government Green Financing Framework was designed to align with the International Capital Markets Association (ICMA) Green Bond Principles. This approach enables the UK’s green gilts to be accessible to the greatest possible pool of investors, improving value-for-money. Green gilts and Green Savings Bonds finance public expenditures that can demonstrate a direct and positive environmental impact. Eligible expenditures are drawn from departments’ confirmed settlements in the Spending Review and assessed on the basis of their contribution to the Government’s climate and environmental objectives. The Green Financing Framework does not underpin how Government expenditure decisions are made. As the PM has announced to Parliament on Tuesday 25 February, we will reach 2.5% of GDP expenditure on defence in 27-28.